Author: Bank of Abyssinia (Misale Solomon)

ከቅርብ አመታት ወዲህ በፍጥነት በማደግ ላይ የሚገኘው የዲጂታል ግብይት ዘርፍ ብዙዎች በሚፈጽሙት ግዢ፣ ንግድ በሚከወንበት አግባብና በግብይት ወቅት በሚስተዋሉ የግብይት ዝንባሌዎችን በአዲስና ከዚህ ቀደም ባልተስተዋለ መንገድ በመቀየር አዲስ የግብይት ስርዓትን ይዞ ቀርቧል፡፡ በዚህ ረገድም የዲጂታል ግብይት ዘዴዎች በብዙዎች የዕለት ተዕለት የኑሮ ክንውን ውስጥ በዋነኛነት ይዘውት በቀረቡት ምቾት፣ ቅልጥፍናና አማራጭ አንጻር ይህ ነው የማይባል ቦታን መያዝ ከጀመሩ ዓመታት ተቆጥረዋል፡፡ በአለም ዙሪያ በብዙዎች ጥቅም ላይ እየዋለ የሚገኘውን የዲጅታል ግብይትን በቁጥሮች በማስደገፍ ስናስቀምጠው ከጠቅላላው የአለም ህዝብ 33 በመቶ የሚሆነው የዲጅታል ግብይትን የዕለት ተዕለት ህይወቱ አንድ አካል በማድረግ ግብይትን በዚሁ ስርዓት የሚፈጽም ሲሆን ይህም በአመት ከ 6.8 ትሪሊዮን ዶላር በላይ ይገመታል፡፡  የዲጅታል  ግብይት ምንድነው ?          ከርዕሱ ለመረዳት እንደሚችለው የዲጅታል ግብይት አማራጭ በአጭሩና ብዙሀኑን በሚያግባባ ሁኔታ ሲቀመጥ ኢንተርኔትን ማለትም ኤሌክትሮኒክ ዘዴን በመጠቀም ቁሶችን ወይም አገልግሎቶችን ለመግዛት አልያም ለመሸጥ የሚያስችል የግንኙነት ዘዴ ተብሎ ሊወሰድ ይቻላል፡፡ በመሆኑም ይህ የግብይት ዘዴ በምርት እና አገልግሎት አቅራቢ እና በደንበኛው መካከል ድልድይ በመሆን ቀላል እና ቀልጣፋ ግብይት እንዲከወን ሁኔታዎችን ያመቻቻል፡፡ ስለ ዲጅታል የግብይት ዘዴዎች ይህን ካልን ምን ዓይነት የዲጅታል ክፍያ ዘዴዎችን በሰፊው በጥቅም ላይ በመዋል ላይ እንደሚገኙ ከዚህ እንደሚከተለው እንመለከታለን፡፡  1.   ነጋዴ – ለደንበኛ (B2C): በዚህ የዲጅታል ግብይት ስርዓት የተለያዩ የንግድ ተቋማት ለደንበኞቻቸው ምርትና አገልግሎቶቻቸውን በቀጥታ ተደራሽ የሚያደርጉበት አሰራር ሲሆን በአለም ዙሪያ እንደ አሊባባና (Alibaba) አማዞን (Amazon) ያሉ የዲጅታል አገልግሎት ሰጪዎች በዚህ ዘርፍ በቀዳሚነት ይጠቀሳሉ፡፡ 2.   በንግድ ተቋማት መካከል የሚደረጉ የዲጅታል ግብይቶች (B2B) ፡ ከስሙ ለመረዳት እንደሚቻለው በዚህ ዓይነት የግብይት ሂደት ተሳታፊ የሚሆኑት በንግዱ ዘርፍ የተሰማሩ ተቋማት አልያም ነጋዴዎች ሲሆኑ ለንግድ ስራቸው መከወኛ የሚያስፈሉጓቸውን ግብአትና አገልግሎቶችን በዲጅታል መተግበሪያዎች በታገዙ ዘዴዎች የሚያገኙበት አሰራር ሲሆን በአሁኑ ወቅት እንደ ቶማስ ኔት (Thomasnet) ያሉ ድረ ገጾች በአለም ዙሪያ ተጠቃሽ አገልግሎት ሰጪዎች ናቸው፡፡ 3.   ደንበኛ ለደንበኛ (C2C) ፡ እነኚህ የግብይት መፈጸሚያ ዘዴዎች በተለምዶው ደንበኞች ተብለው የሚጠቀሱት ተደራሾች እርስ በእርሳቸው ግብይት የሚፈጽሙበት ሲሆን እንደ ኢቤይ (eBay) እና ኢትሲ(Etsy) ያሉ ድረ ገጾች ተጠቃሽ ናቸው፡፡ 4. ደንበኞች ለንግድ ተቋማት (C2B) ፡ ደንበኞች እንዴት ባለ መንገድ ለንግድ ተቋማት ምርት እና አገልግሎት ያቀርባሉ የሚለው ጥያቄ ተደጋግሞ የሚነሳ እና ከተለመደው አሰራር የራቀ ቢሆንም በዚህ ዘርፍ የሚጠቀሱት ጉዳዮች በእጅጉ ከሙያ ስራዎች ጋር የሚገናኙ አገልግሎቶች ሲሆኑ በአሁኑ ወቅት በእጅጉ በመስፋፋት ላይ ባለው የፍሪላንስና የጊግ ኢኮኖሚ ተጠቃሽ የሆኑት አፕ ወርክ (Upwork) እና ፋይቨር (Fiverr) እንደ አብነት ሊጠቀሱ የሚችሉ ናቸው፡፡ 5. መንግስት ለንግድ ተቋማት (G2B): በዚህ ዘርፍ መንግስታት ለሚከውኗቸው ትላልቅ ግዢዎች ግልጋሎት ላይ የሚውሉ ሲሆኑ በሀገራችንም የመንግስት ግዢን ለመከወን የሚያስችል የዲጂታል ግብይት መፈጸሚያ ስርዓት እ.ኤ.አ 2024 ጀምሮ በስራ ላይ እያዋለ ይገኛል፡፡ የዲጂታል ግብይት መፈጸሚያዎች መሰረታዊ ባህሪያት   የተገልጋዩን ምቾት ከማረጋገጥ፣ ከመረጃ ደህንነትና የአሰራር ቅልጥፍናን ማረጋገጥ ወሳኝ እና የትኛውም የዲጅታል ግብይት መፈጸሚያ ስርዓት በመመሰረታዊነት ሊያሟላ ከሚገቡት ነጥቦች መካከል ተቀዳሚ እና ዋነኞቹ ከመሆናቸውም በላይ እነዚህ መሰረታዊያን አለመሟላታቸው በአገልግሎት አሰጣጣቸው ላይ መሰረታዊ የሚባል ክፍተት ማስከተሉ እሙን ነው፡፡ በዚህ ረገድ የትኞቹ መሰረታዊያን በዲጅታል ግብይት መፈጸሚያዎች ላይ በተቀዳሚነት መተግበር እንዳለባቸው ከዚሀ እንደሚከተለው እንመለከታለን፡- 1- ለደንበኛ ተስማሚነት (User friendliness) ፡ የትኛውም የግብይት መተግበሪያ ግልጽ እና በቀላሉ ተጠቃሚ ሊረዳው በሚችል ብሎም አገልግሎትን በተቀላጠፈ መልኩ ለማግኘት የሚያስችል መሆን ተቀዳሚው ተግባሩ መሆን ይኖርበታል፡፡ 2- ከእጅ ስልኮች ጋር ያለው ተስማሚነት፡ አብዛኞቹ የዲጂታል ግብይቶች በእጅ ስልኮች እንደሚደረጉ ብዙ ጥናቶች አመላካች ናቸው፡፡ ይህም የትኛውም ሰፊ ተደራሽነት ሊኖረው የሚፈልግ የዲጅታል ግብይት መተግበሪያ ተገልጋዮቹ በየትኛውም የእጅ ስልክ እና ቦታ ላይ ያለ ምንም የአገልግሎት መቆራረጥ ስራቸውን ለመከወን እንዲችሉ ሁኔታዎችን የሚያመቻች መሆን ይኖርበታል፡፡ 3- ደህንነቱ የተጠበቀና አስተማማኝ፡ የዲጅታል ግብይቶች በየዕለቱ ከሚያስተናግዱት ትልቅ የገንዘብ መጠን እና በሚያሳልፏቸው ግለሰባዊ ባህሪ ያላቸው ልዩ የፋይናንስ መረጃዎች አንጻር ደህንነታቸው የተጠበቀና ለአጭበርባሪዎች ተጋላጭነታቸው በእጅጉ የቀነሰ መሆን ይኖርበታል፡፡ በዚህ ረገድ ከተለያዩ ምርት እና አገልግሎት ሰጪዎች ጋር በመስራት ላይ የሚገኘው አቢሲንያ ባንክ ባስተዋወቀው እጅግ ዘመናዊ የደህንነት መጠበቂያ አሰራሮችን ባካተተው የባንኩ ሞባይል ባንኪንግ ፕላትፎርም በመጠቀም ደህንነትዎን መጠበቅ ይችላሉ፡፡ 4- የተለያዩ የክፍያ አማራጮች፡ ደንበኞች የተለያዩ የክፍያ አማራጮችን ሊጠቀሙ እንደሚችሉ ይታወቃል፡፡ ስለሆነም የትኛውም የዲጅታል ግብይት አገልግሎት ሰጪ በዚህ ረገድ ለተገልጋዮቹ ምቹና ቀላል የሆኑ የክፍያ መንገዶችን በመተግበሪያው ላይ ማካተት ይኖርበታል፡፡ እዚህ ላይ አቢሲንያ ባንክ በተለያየ ጊዜ ያስተዋወቃቸውን እንደ ንክኪ አልባ የግብይት መፈጸሚያ፣ ቀላል እና ምቹ የሆነው የአፖሎ ኪው አር ኮድ እና መሰል ዘመናዊ መተግበሪያዎችን ከዲጅታል ግብይት አገልግሎቱ ጋር በማስተሳሰር ደንበኞች የተሻለ የአገልግሎት እርካታ እንዲያገኙ በመስራት ላይ ይገኛል፡፡ 5- ግላዊነትን መጠበቅ፡ ደንበኞች እንዳላቸው ግላዊ ፍላጎት አልያም ዝንባሌ የተመጠነ የዲጅታል ግዢ ልምድን እንዲያገኙ ለማስቻል መተግበሪያዎች በየጊዜው ራሳቸውን እያደገ ከሚመጣው የደንበኞች ፍላጎት ብሎም ደንበኛው በመተግበሪያው ወይም የግብይት ድረ-ገጹ ላይ ባለው ቆይታ በመረጠው መንገድ ግብይቱን ለመፈጸም የሚያስችለው አሰራር መዘርጋቱን ማረጋገጥ ይኖርባቸዋል፡፡ 6...